Nobel prize history

 The Nobel Prizes are prestigious international awards given annually in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions. Established by the will of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, engineer, and inventor, they have been awarded since 1901 to individuals and organizations for significant contributions to humanity.

Origins

• Alfred Nobel (1833–1896), the inventor of dynamite, left the bulk of his fortune to establish the Nobel Prizes. His will stipulated awards for achievements in:
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Physiology or Medicine
  • Literature
  • Peace
• The first prizes were awarded in 1901.

Categories and Institutions

1. Physics: Awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
2. Chemistry: Awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
3. Physiology or Medicine: Awarded by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute.
4. Literature: Awarded by the Swedish Academy.
5. Peace: Awarded by the Norwegian Nobel Committee.
6. Economic Sciences (added in 1968): Officially called the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, funded by Sweden's central bank and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Notable Facts

• The Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo, Norway, while the others are presented in Stockholm, Sweden.
• Nobel specified that the prizes should go to those who conferred the "greatest benefit to humankind."
• Notable recipients include Albert Einstein (1921, Physics), Marie Curie (1903, Physics; 1911, Chemistry), Martin Luther King Jr. (1964, Peace), and Malala Yousafzai (2014, Peace).

Ceremony and Medals

• The awards are presented annually on December 10, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death.
• Winners receive a medal, a diploma, and a monetary award.

If you'd like information about a specific Nobel Prize year or laureate, let me know!